As Cooper puts the matter, “the very structure of the Chinese state was ‘tributary’," in the sense that Eric Wolf uses the term in Europe and the People without History (second edition, 2010). This is a point that Mark Mancall made long ago in his essay for Fairbank’s edited volume, The Chinese World Order (1968). Although Fairbank may well have overestimated the degree to which Chinese assumptions about tribute shaped Qing policy toward foreigners, it seems unhelpful and misleading to suggest that they were of no consequence whatsoever.Īlso, as Gene Cooper has reminded me in a recent email, it is important to view the tributary system as part of a much larger framework of Ming-Qing tributary relations. The result, however, has been that much of Fairbank’s painstaking and valuable research on the structure and functions of the tributary system has been ignored. Fairbank “and his followers” in particular, have over-generalized its historical significance. It is time to attack! We know from the chart, the defending 3 is doubled to a 6.Does it make sense to refer to a Chinese “tributary system?” A number of influential Western scholars, including John Wills Jr., James Hevia and Laura Hostetler, have argued that it does not-largely on the grounds that previous China scholars, John K. Why?ģ5 ATTACK! We ll wait on that answer. For the record, I moved him one hex at a time, stopping in each hex on the road.
But, the 1/4/X will move into the woods adjacent in All I do is click, hold, and drag him to the new hex to move him there, right?ģ3 MOVEMENT Now the 1/2/X will use the road to reach Again, I just click, and move him there.ģ4 MOVEMENT Now the 1/2/X will use the road to reach Again, I just click, and move him there. But, the 1/4/X will move into the woods adjacent in All I do is click and move him there, right?ģ2 MOVEMENT So now I know I can t get there, right? At least, not to surround him. 3 you then clicked on the Army/X Cavalry unit, and dragged it to 1315, and let go! Easy, right? That s EXACTLY how you move units, too! Let s try that next!Ģ2 But the trick this time? We are going to make our move, make our attack, and save it so we can send it to our opponent! Ready? OK it is the UNION Turn.Ģ9 MOVEMENT Yep click the Chart menu button.ģ0 MOVEMENT Click the Chart Menu button a second time, and it goes away.ģ1 MOVEMENT So now I know I can t get there, right? At least, not to surround him. 2- you scrolled down to find csa_078, and clicked it once. 3 you then clicked on the Army/X Cavalry unit, and dragged it to 1315, and let go! Easy, right?Ģ1 How would you place csa_078 in 1315? I am certain you already figured this out, but, 1 you clicked on the CSA tab under the pieces. 2- you scrolled down to find csa_078, and clicked it once.Ģ0 How would you place csa_078 in 1315? I am certain you already figured this out, but, 1 you clicked on the CSA tab under the pieces.
17 Now pick unit usa_016 and drag and drop it at QUIZ!!! How would you place csa_078 in 1315?ġ8 QUIZ: How would you place csa_078 in 1315? I am certain you already figured this out, but, 1 you clicked on the CSA tab under the pieces.ġ9 How would you place csa_078 in 1315? I am certain you already figured this out, but, 1 you clicked on the CSA tab under the pieces.